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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Altruism theory of voting ： ウィキペディア英語版 Altruism theory of voting The altruism theory of voting is a model of voter behavior which states that if citizens in a democracy have “social” preferences for the welfare of others, the extremely low probability of a single vote determining an election will be outweighed by the large cumulative benefits society will receive from the voter’s preferred policy being enacted, such that it is rational for an “altruistic” citizen, who receives utility from helping others, to vote.〔Edlin, Aaron, Andrew Gelman, and Noah Kaplan. ("Voting as a Rational Choice: Why and How People Vote To Improve the Well-Being of Others." ) Rationality and Society. 19.3 (2008): 293–314. Web. 22 Oct. 2012.〕 Altruistic voting has been compared to purchasing a lottery ticket, in which the probability of winning is extremely low but the payoff is large enough that the ''expected'' benefit outweighs the cost.〔Jankowski, Richard. ("Buying a Lottery Ticket to Help the Poor: Altruism, Civic Duty, and Self-interest in the Decision to Vote." ) Rationality and Society 14.1 (2002): 55–77. Sage Journals. Web. 20 Oct. 2012.〕 Since the failure of standard rational choice models—which assume voters' have "selfish" preferences—to explain voter turnout in large elections, public choice economists and social scientists have increasingly turned to altruism as a way to explain why rational individuals would choose to vote despite its apparent lack of individual benefit, the so-called paradox of voting. The theory suggests that individual voters do, in fact, derive personal utility from influencing the ''outcome'' of elections in favor of the candidate that they believe will implement policies for the greater good of the entire population.〔Fowler, James H. ("Altruism and Turnout." ) The Journal of Politics 68.3 (2006): 673–83. JSTOR. Web. 20 Oct. 2012.〕 ==The rational calculus of voting== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Altruism theory of voting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.